-
1 pay
1) платіж; заробітна плата2) оплачувати, сплачувати; робити (здійснювати) платіж•- pay a claim
- pay a compensation
- pay a duty
- pay a judgment
- pay a judgement
- pay a score
- pay alimony
- pay an attorney's fee
- pay-and-hours agreement
- pay back a loan
- pay back the victim
- pay book
- pay by installments
- pay claim
- pay court costs
- pay damages
- pay duty
- pay filing fee
- pay freeze
- pay in advance
- pay in kind
- pay money
- pay no heed
- pay off
- pay off a score
- pay off old scores
- pay on delivery
- pay on demand
- pay penalty
- pay pension
- pay protection money
- pay ransom
- pay rise
- pay-roll
- pay salary
- pay-sheet
- pay taxes
- pay the forfeit
- pay tribute
- pay wages
- pay wages with goods in kind
- pay war indemnity -
2 file
I
1.
noun(a line of soldiers etc walking one behind the other.) fila
2. verb(to walk in a file: They filed across the road.) desfilar
II
1.
noun1) (a folder, loose-leaf book etc to hold papers.)2) (a collection of papers on a particular subject (kept in such a folder).) carpeta3) (in computing, a collection of data stored eg on a disc.) archivo
2. verb1) (to put (papers etc) in a file: He filed the letter under P.) archivar2) (to bring (a suit) before a law court: to file (a suit) for divorce.) presentar•- filename- filing cabinet
III
1.
noun(a steel tool with a rough surface for smoothing or rubbing away wood, metal etc.) lima
2. verb(to cut or smooth with a file: She filed her nails.)- filingsfile1 n1. carpeta / archivo / expediente2. limafile2 vb1. archivarcan you file these letters, please? ¿puedes archivar estas cartas, por favor?2. limar3. ir en filatr[faɪl]1 (tool) lima2 (folder) carpeta3 (archive) archivo, expediente nombre masculino4 SMALLCOMPUTING/SMALL archivo5 (line) fila1 (smooth) limar2 (put away) archivar; (in card index) fichar3 SMALLLAW/SMALL presentar1 (walk in line) desfilar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be on file estar archivado,-ato have a file on somebody tener a alguien fichado,-asingle file fila india1) classify: clasificar2) : archivar (documentos)3) submit: presentarto file charges: presentar cargos4) smooth: limarfile vi: desfilar, entrar (o salir) en filafile n1) : lima fnail file: lima de uñas2) documents: archivo m3) line: fila fn.• ala (Herramienta) s.f.• archivo (Informática) s.m.• archivo s.m.• expediente s.m.• ficha s.f.• fichero s.m.• fila s.f.• guardapapeles s.m.• legajo s.m.• lima s.f.v.• archivar v.• clasificar v.• encasillar v.• enhilar v.• fichar v.• limar v.faɪl
I
1) ( tool) lima f2)a) ( folder) carpeta f; ( box file) clasificador m, archivador m; ( for card index) fichero mb) ( collection of documents) archivo m; ( of a particular case) expediente m, dossier mto be on file — \<\<information\>\> estar* archivado
c) ( Comput) archivo m; (before n) <copy, extension, name> de archivo or fichero
II
1.
1) ( sort) \<\<papers\>\> archivar2) \<\<application/complaint\>\> presentarto file a suit — presentar or entablar una demanda
3) ( Tech) \<\<metal\>\> limar
2.
vi1) ( walk in line) (+ adv compl)they filed out of/into the room — salieron de/entraron en la habitación en fila
2) ( Law)
I [faɪl]1.2.VT (also: file down, file away) limar
II [faɪl]1. N1) (=folder) carpeta f ; (=dossier) archivo m, carpeta f, expediente m ; (eg loose-leaf file) archivador m, clasificador m ; (=bundle of papers) legajo m ; (=filing system) fichero m2) (Comput) fichero m, archivo mto open/close a file — abrir/cerrar un fichero or archivo
2. VT2) (=submit) [+ claim, application, complaint] presentarto file a suit against sb — (Jur) entablar pleito or presentar una demanda contra algn
3.CPDfile cabinet N — (US) fichero m, archivador m
file clerk N — (US) archivero(-a) m / f
file manager N — (Comput) gestor m de archivos
file name N — (Comput) nombre m de fichero, nombre m de archivo
file server N — (Jur) portador(a) m / f de notificaciones judiciales
- file for
III [faɪl]1.N (=row) fila f, hilera f2.VIto file in/out — entrar/salir en fila
* * *[faɪl]
I
1) ( tool) lima f2)a) ( folder) carpeta f; ( box file) clasificador m, archivador m; ( for card index) fichero mb) ( collection of documents) archivo m; ( of a particular case) expediente m, dossier mto be on file — \<\<information\>\> estar* archivado
c) ( Comput) archivo m; (before n) <copy, extension, name> de archivo or fichero
II
1.
1) ( sort) \<\<papers\>\> archivar2) \<\<application/complaint\>\> presentarto file a suit — presentar or entablar una demanda
3) ( Tech) \<\<metal\>\> limar
2.
vi1) ( walk in line) (+ adv compl)they filed out of/into the room — salieron de/entraron en la habitación en fila
2) ( Law) -
3 file
I 1. nounFeile, die; (nail-file) [Nagel]feile, die2. transitive verbPhrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/87019/file_away">file awayII 1. nounput something on file — etwas in die Akten/Kartei aufnehmen
2. transitive verbopen/keep a file on somebody/something — eine Akte über jemanden/etwas anlegen/führen
1) (place in a file) [in die Kartei] einordnen/[in die Akten] aufnehmen; ablegen (Bürow.)2) (submit) einreichen [Antrag]3) [Journalist:] einsenden [Bericht]Phrasal Verbs:III 1. nounReihe, die2. intransitive verb[in] single or Indian file — [im] Gänsemarsch
Phrasal Verbs:- file off* * *I 1. noun(a line of soldiers etc walking one behind the other.) die Reihe2. verb(to walk in a file: They filed across the road.) hintereinander marschierenII 1. noun1) (a folder, loose-leaf book etc to hold papers.) der Aktenordner2) (a collection of papers on a particular subject (kept in such a folder).) die Akte3) (in computing, a collection of data stored eg on a disc.) die Reihe2. verb1) (to put (papers etc) in a file: He filed the letter under P.) abheften•- filename- filing cabinet III 1. noun(a steel tool with a rough surface for smoothing or rubbing away wood, metal etc.) die Feile2. verb(to cut or smooth with a file: She filed her nails.) feilen- filings* * *file1[faɪl]I. nbox \file kastenförmiger Aktenordneryou'll find it in the \files under C das muss in den Akten unter C seinthe Reg Jones \file die Akte Reg Jonesto place sth on \file etw zu den Akten nehmento keep a \file on sb/sth eine Akte über jdn/etw führen3. (records)▪ \files pl Unterlagen pl, Akten plyour report will be put into our \files wir werden ihren Bericht zu unseren Akten nehmento be in [or on] sb's \file in jds Akten [o Unterlagen] seinto copy/delete/save a \file eine Datei kopieren/löschen/speichern5.▶ to keep sth on \file etw aufbewahren\file copy Aktenkopie fIII. vt1. (put in folder)we \file these reports under country of origin wir ordnen diese Berichte unter dem Ursprungsland einthese scripts are \filed according to the author's last name diese Texte werden nach dem Nachnamen des Autors archiviert2. (submit)to \file a bid ein Angebot abgebenclaims were \filed for enormous damages against tobacco companies die Zigarettenindustrie wurde mit enormen Schadenersatzforderungen konfrontiertto \file a petition einen Antrag stellento \file a protest Einspruch einlegento \file a suit against sb/sth eine Klage gegen jdn/etw einreichento \file a tax return eine Steuererklärung abgeben3. JOURNto \file a copy/report/story ein Manuskript/einen Bericht/eine Geschichte einsendento \file for bankruptcy einen Konkursantrag stellen, Konkurs anmeldento \file for divorce die Scheidung beantragenfile2[faɪl]I. na \file of children eine Reihe Kinderin \file in Reih und Gliedin single \file im Gänsemarschto stand in single \file in Reihe stehenII. vithe guests \filed out of the hall ein Gast nach dem anderen verließ den Saalhundreds of tourists \filed past the monument Hunderte von Touristen defilierten an dem Denkmal vorbeithe visitors \filed through the entrance to the ticket offices die Besucherschlange reichte durch den Eingang bis zum Kartenschalterfile3[faɪl]▪ to \file sth etw feilento \file one's nails sich dat die Nägel feilen▪ to \file sth down etw abfeilen* * *I [faɪl]1. n(= tool) Feile f2. vtfeilenIIto file one's ( finger)nails — sich (dat) die Fingernägel feilen
1. nwould you fetch it from the files — könnten Sie es bitte aus der Ablage holen
2) (= documents, information) Akte f (on sb über jdn, on sth zu etw)on file — aktenkundig, bei den Akten
to open or start a file on sb/sth —
to have/keep a file on sb/sth — eine Akte über jdn/zu etw haben/führen
to keep sb/sth on file — jds Unterlagen/die Unterlagen über etw (acc) zurückbehalten
to close the file on sb/sth — jds Akte/die Akte zu einer Sache schließen
to have sth on file — etw im Computer gespeichert haben
to activate/insert a file — eine Datei aufrufen/einfügen
to attach a file — eine Datei ( als Attachment) anhängen
2. vtit's filed under "B" — das ist unter "B" abgelegt
3. viIIIto file for custody (of the children) — das Sorgerecht (für die Kinder) beantragen
1. n(= row) Reihe fin Indian or single file — im Gänsemarsch; (Mil) in Reihe
See:→ rank2. vithey filed out of the classroom — sie gingen hintereinander or nacheinander aus dem Klassenzimmer
the procession filed under the archway —
the troops filed past the general — die Truppen marschierten or defilierten am General vorbei
the children filed past the headmaster — die Kinder gingen in einer Reihe am Direktor vorbei
* * *file1 [faıl]A s1. (Akten-, Brief-, Dokumenten) Ordner m, Karteikasten m2. a) Akte(nstück) f(n):b) Akten(bündel) pl(n), -stoß mc) Akten pl, Ablage f, abgelegte Briefe pl oder Dokumente pl:be on file bei den Akten sein oder liegen;3. COMPUT Datei f4. Aufreihfaden m, -draht m6. MIL Rotte f7. Reihe f (Personen oder Sachen hintereinander)8. Liste f, Verzeichnis nB v/t“to be filed” „zu den Akten!“3. einen Antrag etc einreichen, eine Forderung anmelden, Berufung einlegen: → action 12, application 6, 8, suit A 4file in (out);file2 [faıl]A s1. TECH Feile f2. Br sl schlauer Fuchs, geriebener KerlB v/tfile one’s fingernails sich die Fingernägel feilen;2. fig seinen Stil etc (zurecht)feilen* * *I 1. nounFeile, die; (nail-file) [Nagel]feile, die2. transitive verbfeilen [Fingernägel]; mit der Feile bearbeiten [Holz, Eisen]Phrasal Verbs:II 1. nounon file — in der Kartei/in od. bei den Akten
put something on file — etwas in die Akten/Kartei aufnehmen
2. transitive verbopen/keep a file on somebody/something — eine Akte über jemanden/etwas anlegen/führen
1) (place in a file) [in die Kartei] einordnen/[in die Akten] aufnehmen; ablegen (Bürow.)2) (submit) einreichen [Antrag]3) [Journalist:] einsenden [Bericht]Phrasal Verbs:III 1. nounReihe, die2. intransitive verb[in] single or Indian file — [im] Gänsemarsch
Phrasal Verbs:- file off* * *(dossier) in circulation n.Umlaufmappe f. (computers) n.Datei -n f. n.Akte -n f.Briefordner m.Feile -n f.File -s n.Kartei -en f.Ordner - m.Reihe -n f. (to archive) v.ordnen v. (metalwork) v.feilen v. v.ablegen (Briefe usw.) v. -
4 Armstrong, Edwin Howard
[br]b. 18 December 1890 New York City, New York, USAd. 31 January 1954 New York City, New York, USA[br]American engineer who invented the regenerative and superheterodyne amplifiers and frequency modulation, all major contributions to radio communication and broadcasting.[br]Interested from childhood in anything mechanical, as a teenager Armstrong constructed a variety of wireless equipment in the attic of his parents' home, including spark-gap transmitters and receivers with iron-filing "coherer" detectors capable of producing weak Morse-code signals. In 1912, while still a student of engineering at Columbia University, he applied positive, i.e. regenerative, feedback to a Lee De Forest triode amplifier to just below the point of oscillation and obtained a gain of some 1,000 times, giving a receiver sensitivity very much greater than hitherto possible. Furthermore, by allowing the circuit to go into full oscillation he found he could generate stable continuous-waves, making possible the first reliable CW radio transmitter. Sadly, his claim to priority with this invention, for which he filed US patents in 1913, the year he graduated from Columbia, led to many years of litigation with De Forest, to whom the US Supreme Court finally, but unjustly, awarded the patent in 1934. The engineering world clearly did not agree with this decision, for the Institution of Radio Engineers did not revoke its previous award of a gold medal and he subsequently received the highest US scientific award, the Franklin Medal, for this discovery.During the First World War, after some time as an instructor at Columbia University, he joined the US Signal Corps laboratories in Paris, where in 1918 he invented the superheterodyne, a major contribution to radio-receiver design and for which he filed a patent in 1920. The principle of this circuit, which underlies virtually all modern radio, TV and radar reception, is that by using a local oscillator to convert, or "heterodyne", a wanted signal to a lower, fixed, "intermediate" frequency it is possible to obtain high amplification and selectivity without the need to "track" the tuning of numerous variable circuits.Returning to Columbia after the war and eventually becoming Professor of Electrical Engineering, he made a fortune from the sale of his patent rights and used part of his wealth to fund his own research into further problems in radio communication, particularly that of receiver noise. In 1933 he filed four patents covering the use of wide-band frequency modulation (FM) to achieve low-noise, high-fidelity sound broadcasting, but unable to interest RCA he eventually built a complete broadcast transmitter at his own expense in 1939 to prove the advantages of his system. Unfortunately, there followed another long battle to protect and exploit his patents, and exhausted and virtually ruined he took his own life in 1954, just as the use of FM became an established technique.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitution of Radio Engineers Medal of Honour 1917. Franklin Medal 1937. IERE Edison Medal 1942. American Medal for Merit 1947.Bibliography1922, "Some recent developments in regenerative circuits", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 10:244.1924, "The superheterodyne. Its origin, developments and some recent improvements", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 12:549.1936, "A method of reducing disturbances in radio signalling by a system of frequency modulation", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 24:689.Further ReadingL.Lessing, 1956, Man of High-Fidelity: Edwin Howard Armstrong, pbk 1969 (the only definitive biography).W.R.Maclaurin and R.J.Harman, 1949, Invention \& Innovation in the Radio Industry.J.R.Whitehead, 1950, Super-regenerative Receivers.A.N.Goldsmith, 1948, Frequency Modulation (for the background to the development of frequency modulation, in the form of a large collection of papers and an extensive bibliog raphy).KFBiographical history of technology > Armstrong, Edwin Howard
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